Services · 05
Supports, skids and foundations, checked to the same standard as the equipment.
Analysis and design of bolted and welded steel structures, and the civil works supporting them, carried out in industry-trusted software.
Scope
From member checks to the concrete they stand on
Member design
Axial tension and compression, flexure, shear and combined actions. Local buckling and section classification. Lateral-torsional buckling of unrestrained beams. Effective length and stability, including second-order P-Δ and P-δ effects where the structure is slender or lightly braced. Built-up and plate girder sections where rolled sections are not adequate.
Bolted connections
Bearing-type and slip-critical joints. Bolt shear, tension and combined interaction. Prying action in tension connections, which is where hand calculations most often fall short. Block shear, edge distance and spacing. Eccentric bolt group analysis. Splice and moment end-plate design.
Welded connections
Fillet and groove weld sizing, weld group analysis under combined force and moment, base metal capacity at the connection, weld access and sequencing, and fatigue classification of welded details where the structure carries cyclic or vibrating load.
Wind and seismic analysis
Wind loading from site velocity pressure, exposure category, gust effect and shape factors. Seismic loading by equivalent static or response spectrum method, with base shear distribution, torsional effects and the appropriate importance factor. Vortex shedding and across-wind response for slender structures and stacks where susceptible.
Base plates and anchorage
Base plate thickness and stiffener arrangement, anchor bolt sizing, embedment depth, and the concrete-side failure modes: breakout, pull-out, side-face blowout and edge distance effects.
Bracing, stability & serviceability
Vertical and horizontal bracing, required brace stiffness and strength, and load path continuity to the foundation. Deflection and drift limits, with vibration checks for platforms and structures carrying rotating equipment.
Civil and foundations
Spread and octagonal footings, pile caps, skid and equipment foundations. Soil bearing pressure and distribution. Stability against overturning, sliding and uplift. Settlement. Reinforcement design and detailing.